I have no math or music theory skills whatsoever, in each subject I am almost entirely ignorant(which goes without saying if you keep reading). This handicap makes me a good candidate to benefit from a thread like this, but maybe not to direct it, so if you are interested in the topic, please contribute to the discussion as you see fit.
I have recently started the exercises at
http://www.khanacadamy.org. (see also:
http://www.ted.com/talks/salman_khan_let_s_use_video_to_reinvent_education.html)
The knowledge map really motivated me to believe in the process. It's nice knowing that if you finish step 1 you will be prepared to take on step 2. So even if I'm working on 2+2=4, in a sense I'm also working on my eventual understanding of string theory or whatever.
I would like to limp my understanding of music theory in tandem with my understanding of math.
What are some ways that math is used to ease the organizational burden of musical creation? Are time and interval the two main categories? Time being used to understand the segments into which a struck note can fit within, and interval being used to make the proper selection from the range of expressive tones available to you? What variations of time and interval(scales?) are there?
What mathematical concepts/formulas/landmarks recur most abundantly in the musicscape? What mathematical exercises can a musician engage in to prepare him/her to more effortlessly navigate the immediacy of their intuitive creative space?
What books, articles or websites have you found conducive to understanding and applying music theory?